a critical study of the view knowing the soul to be the same as temperament

in order to arrive at a better understanding of resurrecting individuals, one should consider theories of soul and, more specifically, that saying the sameness between soul and temperament. advocates of this theory assert that soul is the efficient cause for the appearance of biotic effects. they also maintain that this efficient cause (i.e. soul) is an accident called temperament and, hence, soul and temperament are the same. in contrast, opponents of this theory believe in the essentialism of soul and do not agree with the sameness of soul and any accident, including temperament. in this paper, conceptual and theoretical backgrounds of this theory along with the debates around it have been given at first and then, some arguments against this theory have been presented. in doing so, two types of arguments will be presented: first, direct ones that maintain soul and temperament are inhomogeneous; second, indirect arguments that argue for essentialism of soul. based on these arguments, it has been concluded that soul and temperament are not exact same thing.